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Baer and Goldstein, pp. 139-142 3rd. ed., p. 221 4th ed.

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Women and Employment, B&G 3rd ed. 139-142; 4th edition, p. 221

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40 Comments

  1. I wish there was more open information about the true nature of the suffrage movement. If you think about the time period it may seem like racism may be a common thought, but it isn’t highlighted enough.

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  2. Women have always worked, and they have always faced unequal hiring practices, unfair wages, being passed over for promotion, and enduring a general lack of respect from their male coworkers. Progress has been made but women and men still receive treatment that is far from equal.

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  3. The textbook goes into great detail about the hurdles women faced even after the implementation of Title VII. Strangely, some states implemented laws that set the weight that women were allowed to carry on shift. One would assume that states would not be so prominent and straight foward about their discrimination towards women, but would just set a limitation of weight that everybody regardless of sex were required to carry, and make it absurdly high, but that would require them to weed out the men that also cannot lift, and hire women who could.
    Regarding the video, I am always excited to discuss the hypocrisy of white feminism. It does not surprise me that white women were so adamant about excluding BIPOC women from leadership roles and being involved with the feminist movement. Women of Color (WOC) have led movements not just for women, but for additional causes revolving around their racial and ethnic identity. The video discusses that excluding WOC from leadership roles excludes particular causes from receiving recognition and funding. The point of the video is to highlight that white women could not relate to WOC, which is why they tend to be silenced.

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  4. The video gives a brief explanation of what is noted as the first wave of feminism that oppressed POC by contributing to racist ideas against them. This same structure appears again in later feminist uprisings, such as in the 60s and the 70s. While white women have the privilege of focusing their attention on gender equality, women of color must tackle a variety of inequalities they face for being both a woman and non-white. We see this same structure in the legal system where intersectionality is rarely (if ever) acknowledged, continuing to make WOC inferior as they are held at a disadvantage despite the equality acts that are passed.

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  5. The most important case related to women’s equal pay and their rights is Corning Glass Works v Brennan. Does unequal conditions mean unequal pay? I think that’s always something interesting but can be very easily exploited. Men who work in the same positions as women have different conditions; thus, they get paid differently, so the court had to be extra cautious in the decision.

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  6. The video was informative, but I can’t help but think that everyone who would voluntarily click on the video would probably already agree with the content. Unless you were made to watch the video, like in class, I don’t see any ignorant people seeking out this content “introduction to white feminism”. Of course there are exceptions to this, but I think for the most part this content just circulates around to all the people who are already seeking out intersectional feminist content. Don’t get me wrong, I’m sure many white feminists have signed up for this class, but that is the exception. I mean, for the most part, I don’t get any misogynistic content unless it is already being critiqued by someone.

    It is always interesting to me that when we discuss an oppressed demographic entering the workforce for less pay and worse working conditions, people are afraid of losing their job safety and security. For example, men fear losing their jobs to women who will get paid less and work in less safe conditions. Americans fear losing their jobs to immigrants for the same reasons. There’s this political theory concept where liberalism is born out of fear. People see something that they are afraid of happening to someone else and seek out liberty from that same oppression for themselves. American’s fear being outworked for less, men fear being outworked for less, so the solution would be to make it illegal for companies to overwork people for less money. The solution wouldn’t be to get rid of the workers, this fear should drive us towards liberty, not away from it. Fear of job safety and security should not come from other workers, but from the company who employs you, you should fear the business, not the laborers. Fear cannot be powerful unless it is unified against a common enemy.

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  7. Women often face various forms of discrimination, including disparities in pay, underrepresentation in leadership roles, and biases in hiring and promotion practices. Such discrimination can be both overt and subtle, manifesting through stereotypes and cultural norms that undervalue women’s contributions and capabilities.

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  8. Throughout history, women have always been busy, even if they weren’t getting paid. They’ve been farmers, caregivers, and homemakers. These jobs didn’t come with a paycheck, but they were still important. When women started working outside the home, they faced unfair treatment. They got less money, had weird work hours, and were told when they could or couldn’t work. It’s like they jumped from one tough situation to another. And it wasn’t the same for everyone – white and black women had different challenges. So, while women have always been working hard, the way society values and treats their work has changed over time, and not always for the better.

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  9. True feminism and the only equality I think is worth fighting for is a movement that includes everyone. We should not leave anyone behind in the right to equity and freedom from oppressive regimes. It reminds me of how people of color were excluded from the efforts the Founders used to separate from the British. If someone truly believes in equality or equity, including every one the oppressor has oppressed. It saddens me that some parts are left out in the history books. Students deserve to understand what kind of people are responsible for certain kinds of change; people are not perfect, and teaching the whole character stops us from idealizing some good actions when the intention is skewed. The Equal Pay Act should be taught in its entirety; the intention and how people have used it today despite what it was meant for (oppression!)

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  11. The Equal Pay Act was instituted to stop men from losing their jobs to women who could be legally paid less before its passage. In reality, the passage of the Act didn’t change that much, with women still having the wealth of their labor extracted at a higher rate then men in a post-Equal Pay Act United States.

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  12. I really enjoyed this video on white feminists!! I never even knew that Elizabeth Candy Stanton said this, “ We are moral, virtuous, and intelligent…and yet by your laws, we are classed with idiots, lunatics, and negroes.” Susan B. Anthony was also really racist. It is important to recognize how racist the movement was and still is.

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  13. This reading relates to my earlier two comments on the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and on how sex got into Title VII. Women were seen as a threat to the jobs of men and so the act was passed to ensure that men would not lose their jobs to lower-paid women.

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  14. I was not aware that the Equal Pay Act came about that long ago.

    As to the YouTube video it always baffles me that people with similar causes can not come together to achieve a greater good.

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  15. I’m reading Marx for a political science class, and one of the comments on here reminded me of it. Marx mentions how the introduction of machinery into factories has allowed for the replacement of male workers with women and children. oftentimes, these were for lower wages and worse working conditions.

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  16. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was designed to prevent women from leaving their domestic roles to pursue employment opportunities with males. The Equal Pay Act made no mention of women’s rights to the same benefits and job opportunities as men. The intersectionality of race and sex, which shows that women of color experience twice as much prejudice for being female or based on skin color, was also not acknowledged.

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  17. Interesting to know that the Equal Pay Act of 1963 was to keep women working domestic jobs to not side track them to apply for a men’s job. The Equal Pay Act did not mention the security of women to obtain better job positions or benefits as a man. Neither did it acknowledge the intersectionality of race and sex, on how colored women face double the discrimination for being a woman or on the basis of their skin. As for the video, I love how it showcases that black and brown women started movements and actually enacted change within their community but are still not being seen while the white women get all the credit just for marching down a street not recognizing the hardships many face to make the movement happen.

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  18. Lena Dunham is the epitome of a scary New York liberal. I loved her show Girls, but something about it bothered me… perhaps it was the staunch liberal undertones.
    Why is it only black women who stand up against sexual harassment?

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  19. In regard to the Bear and Goldstein reading, I learned that the Equal Pay Act of 1963, which was an amendment to the Fair Labor Standard, was passed/ enacted to protect men from women “taking their jobs.” The book says that Men would be displaced from their jobs by women, who would get paid less and would not get the same working conditions. That is just crazy to me that they did so much to protect men, but the same effort was not given to women. To the point of passing this law to give equal pay for equal work to secure men their jobs and not let women “take” them. When women had few jobs to begin with that gave them terrible pay and terrible work conditions.

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  20. Comparable worth is used by businesses to set employees’ salaries/pay through ranking the ” worth” of skills and responsibilities across jobs. The language of the Equal Pay Act does not give clear interpretation of what comparable worth actually is though. Also, who determines what should be ranked, and who assigns the values? While I do admire the notion of comparable worth, the lack of guidelines as to what it is makes me question how valuable it is.

    Also, here is a link for free access to the book: https://archive.org/details/constitutionalle0000baer/page/140/mode/2up

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  21. In DeGraffenreid v. General Motors Assembly, the Court claims that Title VII protects against racial discrimination or sex discrimination, but not a combination of both. I think this goes back to intersectionality and how Black women are not just Black and not just a woman. The combination creates a new identity with its own unique set of issues that are going to be much different than a Black man’s or a white woman’s. The Court fails to acknowledge that Black women have a unique set of issues in this case.

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  22. White feminist or Black feminist, what is a fact is that white women have always been and will always be at advantages over black women or women of color. Feminism is not just an anti-men movement, it is also a “figth against other women that support sexism, classism, race domination, exploitation, and oppression” (Hooks).

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  23. Based off what I gathered from the textbook readings, the court did not take into consideration the intersectionality aspect of discrimination when upholding Title VII. In the case against General Motors, the court argued that the statute was not intended to be used in a manner that provide the women with a, “super remedy,” due to being discriminated for their race and sex. The text references these actions as examples to the ways in which black women have been ignored unless their, “experiences coincide with those of,” black men or white women.

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  24. In reference to reading, I enjoyed the statement- women have always worked, but not gainfully employed. Work is usually defined as labor or service that is met with monetary compensation, but prior to the woman’s entry to the workforce (and during) many worked as agrarians, caretakers, home-makers etc. I’m not saying we should pay men and women for doing their own housework, (ignoring the concept of allowance) but it’s worth noting that most women have actually contributed to the workforce in their own ways since the beginning. Afterwards, when they began formal work, they were discriminated against by being paid less, restricted in their hours or overworked, regulated on the times of day they could work, etc. Within that also, white and black women face different obstacles.

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  25. They specified their movement as white because it was not grounded in the experiences of women of color, and their fight for freedom was different. I can appreciate the authenticity.

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  26. The term white feminist is just funny. How can you fight for the rights of only a certain group of people, within a certain group of people, instead of just fighting for the rights of everyone? How can you be fighting discrimination, by being discriminatory? I saw it’s funny but these are very real things that have happened and continue to happen in todays world. When it comes to race, sex, gender, etc people are always fighting for their rights but end up forgetting about everyone else. Sometimes people end up only caring about themselves which I guess is the human factor in all of us. I believe we should slowly learn to eradicate this fault we have and try and be more humble especially with others that are in our same discriminated group with just a slightly different color….

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  27. It’s not bad to be a Feminist or to be white. It is problematic though when you call yourself a white feminist. This means you’re not advocating for the rights of women but instead for the rights of certain women. Still today women of color are being excluded from leadership in Feminist movements. Intersectionality is really important in this topic. Women of color can’t just turn their black or brownness off and just be Feminists in Feminist movements. They’re not only being oppressed by patriarchal systems and institutions but also for their race.

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    • I agree, being a feminist is supposed to mean you want equality for all women, I believe if someone claims to be a “white feminist” they arent a feminist at all. This fight should be for all women not just a certain group of them.

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    • this is a major problem. The WP pages reference the 3rd edition, but most students are now buying the 4th and I have not updated the pages on WP. This is now chapter 3 that starts on p.221

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    • Hi Hiba,
      I watched the video and it was very helpful. thank you for providing this video it gives me a better sense of how to understand this subject. Honestly, I have always found it hard to understand feminism and how to be a right feminist and a wrong one I mean is there a right and wrong way? for other classes, I have also watched videos on why women consider themselves bad feminist

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  30. Just about anything can happen at the interview stage, which means that a business could choose someone over another for any reason, so long as it’s backed up by evidence of some variety (mere rationality in this situation). If it can be argued, then it may as well be over, which leads to plenty of bad things happening for many people’s careers.

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  31. This is a good image that highlights the underlying issues that women face in the workplace. It can also explain the many loopholes that can be found and exercised in order to not hire someone. It can be a lot more difficult to get hired if you’re a woman who is of color, where intersectionality comes into play.

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  32. There was a section in this reading called “Equal Pay and Comparable Worth” where the authors talk about something I mentioned when I commented about the Equal Pay act. They said that employers are accused of violating the Equal Pay Act, they can justify it with reasons like seniority, merit, or other factors other than sex. This to me is really important because it validates the loopholes that I talked about. These are loopholes that employers can use to justify it, and that is a major flaw in the Equal Pay act. This makes accountability for sex discrimination almost impossible. Much less when it involves a colored woman. There is a lack of understanding in the way that two identities come together to create a new set of challenges and it may lead employers dismissing claims of racial or gender discrimination, as we saw in the DeGraffenreid case. This is some of the flaws of the Equal Protection Act and I think there’s a lot that needs to be improved upon.

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  33. The lack of intersectionality in the law is detrimental to a sizable population of Americans because many people often fall at the intersections of different groups of people who face discrimination. Without protecting the people who identify with intersectional labels, it harms their living conditions and goes against the ideas of freedom and equality that America was founded on. This definitely relates to the Crenshaw reading from a few weeks ago because some of the examples of court cases had forced women of color to choose if they were women or if they were people of color and did not recognize the women as suffering from both facets of discrimination at the same time, which is why recognizing intersectionality is vital.

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  34. Desiree Estrada1:18 PM Mar 16
    Similar to many of my peers I think a lot of people have down played the significance of intersectionality. For instance, I am Hispanic and a woman, furthermore I am at two disadvantages but society has yet to admit that. It saddens me to think there have been cases of women who have presented this substance and it has been ignored or seen as invalid because at the time little studies were done for women of color.
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    Catherine Ortega
    Catherine Ortega11:01 PM Mar 4
    This was a much needed and much appreciated history lesson for me. The history surrounding wages and labor outside of the family run home is so interesting, and kind of obvious looking back. The Industrial Revolution brought a lot of evils along with it and the negative effects of mass production damages us more and more every year, BUT, it did bring to the surface the issue of sexism and dismantled the long internalized idea of gender roles in the nuclear family.

    The Supreme Court seems to have this history of making all of these Amendments and passing these Acts to make it seem like progress is being made in regards to discrimination in the social and legal sphere, and then simultaneously backtracks by allowing for gaps of which could be maneuvered to allow for legal discrimination.
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    Kevin Lyles
    Grace Castillo Rojo Moreno
    Grace Castillo Rojo Moreno4:44 AM Mar 4
    I would never understand why women are seen as less capable when it comes to work despite the fact that it has been demonstrated that we are capable.
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    Denice Bernal
    Denice Bernal8:40 PM Mar 2
    It seems counterintuitive that African American women are unable to claim discrimination based on both sex and race. Falling under various minority groups does place different people in worse positions in comparison to others who just fall under one minority group. This lack of recognition of intersectionality is one of the ways that in practice Title VII lacks and doesn’t carry out in practice the way it reads on paper.
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    Daniela Guerrero Rodriguez
    Daniela Guerrero Rodriguez9:28 AM Mar 2
    I find very interesting the ideas presented by Krystal, we sometimes do not think about the unintentional consequences of legislation like this, although this legislation is being put in place to combat inequality, how the law is written is hardly how it plays out. For example, it is illegal to fire women when they are pregnant, in fact, the employer has to give the mother paid maternity leave. This leads companies to avoid hiring women who are or might be pregnant. But this discrimination is extremely hard to prove and this benefits men who appear as better choices for work.
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    Krystal Garcia Centeno
    Krystal Garcia Centeno11:25 PM Mar 1
    An interesting question to think about are how many women had lost their jobs because their boss had to pay them more and/or equal to their male colleagues. There’s actually several questions that come to mind of the unintentional consequences of legislation like this. However, I share the same view as many of my classmates.
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    Ariana Lopez
    Ariana Lopez
    I had never really thought of it like that. I appreciate you sharing that. It is crazy to see how many bosses would have rather fired their female workers instead of matching the wages between their male and female employees. I hope we get to look into this in class. Thanks!
    9:24 AM Mar 2•Delete
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    Kevin Lyles
    Marina Pascual
    Marina Pascual11:10 PM Mar 1
    As others have stated, intersectionality is extremely important and it should be acknowledged by the Court in discrimination lawsuits. Hopefully, legislation and future court decisions can reverse the effects of the DeGraffenreid v General Motors decision.
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    Jocelyn Rodriguez
    Jocelyn Rodriguez10:30 PM Mar 1
    acknowledging intersectionality is critical, while laws continue to address sex or gender etc separate, the laws will never fully protect minorities who are members of more than one group.
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    Anastasia Pogrebchtchikov
    Anastasia Pogrebchtchikov9:02 PM Mar 1
    The fact that intersectionality is often looked over is truly heart breaking. Women of color have constantly had to fight harder to be recgonized, not only in the eyes of the law but in many medical and professional cases as well. There can not be true equality of the gender if there is still this ideology.
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    Tina Tran
    Tina Tran7:52 PM Mar 1
    I think that in order to full fight for equal opportunities despite of sex and race, legislation must recognize intersectionality.
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    Ana Al Saad
    Ana Al Saad6:29 PM Mar 1
    It’s disheartening to read that women of color can’t really say they are being discriminated for both their sex and race because anti-discrimination laws are silent about the possibility and the Court refuses acknowledge it. It ignores the issues they face and as Kimberlé Crenshaw put it, “implies the boundaries of sex and race discrimination doctrine are defined respectively by white women’s and Black men’s experience.”
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    Nicole Solayman
    Nicole Solayman3:58 PM Mar 1
    The effects of laws like the Equal Pay Act, are fascinating. The act’s puropose is to protect women from incredibly low wages for the same work as their male counterparts. There are litmus tests that have to be met (seniroity, merit, etc), but ultimately the goal is to ensure that women aren’t being lowballed because of their sex. The actual impact of the EPA ultimatley ends up protecting men and their wages. We see this in Corning Glass Works v. Brennan. Male employees who worked the nightshift performed ‘demeaning tasks,’ and because the tasks were demeaning they were granted financial compesnation, leading to men being paid more for their work during the nightshift than their women counterparts. As a result the ‘unequal’ ( in this case meaning the demeaning/ degrading work the men had to do) granted the men a higher wage, when in reality men are being paid more to do less.
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    Annmarie Gobin
    Annmarie Gobin9:32 AM Mar 1
    For me personally, I don’t think that you can be a feminist without realizing that it is intersectionalized. I think that it is important to realize the difference between women of color or women that a part of LGBTQ community. I think that you cannot be a feminist without realizing the difference between wages, healthcare options and the discrimmination that they face especially in hate crimes.
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    Jacqueline Harmon
    Jacqueline HarmonFeb 25, 2021
    It is frustrating to see how certain women have to fight harder for their rights than other women. Women of color are not protected under any of these cases and intersectionality is a huge problem that needs to be addressed.
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    Liliana Diaz
    Liliana DiazMar 2, 2020
    I think intersectionality is a huge component that is so often ignored especially for women of color. When we talk about the pay gap we often just talk about how white women make 77 cents for every dollar a man makes, but what about the fact that Black women make 65 cents and Latino women make 57cents of every dollar? I think that the pay gap is something that should be addressed differently depending on who you are referring to because for white women it’s a matter of sex based discrimination, but for black and latino women it’s both sex based and race discrimination — categorizing them as the same thing will not help fix the issue.
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    Deleted user
    Deleted user
    This is an excellent point you make and I agree with what you say. For women of color they not only face sex based discrimination, but race as well and we cannot lump them under the same umbrella.
    Mar 2, 2020•Delete
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    Kevin Lyles
    Deleted user
    Deleted userMar 5, 2019
    It does not surprise me that antidiscrimination laws are “strangely silent” of intersectional discrimination, where a person can be discriminated for both their gender and race. This reminds me of the Crenshaw reading where it explains that the boundaries of sex an race discrimination are defined by white women’s and black men’s experiences. Black women are only protected to the extent that their experiences coincide with those either being black or being a women, but not a combination of the two.
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    Ines Josefina Castaneda
    Ines Josefina CastanedaMar 4, 2019
    I have to would strongly agree with their introduction which was addressed by my classmate Maria noted. White women have taken efforts and opportunities from women of color for so long. Women of color get paid even less than white women. Now to address the rest of the reading it was hard to read how many acts for the wages and work in general where passed because today we see the discrimination still. The thought that comes to my mind is that these issues are complex and when either gender or race comes to mind it is hard to have a clear line in these cases because they can be both.
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    Samantha Cazares
    Samantha CazaresMar 4, 2019
    It’s interesting that the authors mention that discrimination effects women not only on a gender basis, but also race. This intersectionality of discrimination that women face has fallen through the cracks of the legal system, but there has now been efforts to bring awareness to the matter. I think women and men should be paid the same amount of money for doing the same job/work. For example, if women are to be hired as prison guards and their duties are the same as male gaurds, then they should be paid the same amount the males get paid. I think it’s extremely discriminatory to pay women only for the work an employer thinks she’s able of accomplishing. Further, I think it’s wrong for employers to only hire women to do jobs that require less work than the males do, just to pay them less.
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    Kevin Lyles
    Kevin Lyles
    Hi Samantha, “I think it’s wrong .” I may agree with you but is it unlawful?
    Mar 4, 2019•Edit•Delete
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    Kevin Lyles
    Deleted user
    Deleted userMar 4, 2019
    Something from this introduction I find interesting and appreciate is when Baer and Goldstein address on page 139 is when they state

    ” but anti-discrimination laws are strangely silent about the possibility that a worker can be subjected to both racial and gender discirmantion. Title viii exemption for employers with fewer than 15 workers achieves the same result for virtually all domestic workers in private homes thus effectively excluding a large number of African and Hispanic ( LATINX ) workers. The lack of legal protection for migrant workers also has a disproportionate effect on racial minorities”.

    I really found this part to be profound because I think many of the jobs many women of color and racial minorities and first-generation women can find are in fact jobs in domestic areas such maids/ nannies where they are not subjected to title vii, therefore, letting a plethora of women in the workforce even today to face the same injustices women in cases such Muller v Oregon faced . I have many family and friends who work in the domestic work and have heard the struggles they face being of the title VIi exception by not getting many sick days vacation days, failure of pay that they would not likely face if they had a job with 15 more employees which would subject them to title vii. I find this article also as well that address that due to a brilliant Mexican Oscar-winning from this year called Roma that there is in fact challenges and movements being by domestic works to fight the Title VII exemption in terms fo domestic workers in us today https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/2/26/18239803/roma-cuaron-domestic-workers-bill-of-rights
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    Henry Jiang
    Henry JiangMar 1, 2019
    Basically, as the title suggests, it discussed women in the work field. It talked about how women have always worked, but they have not always received fully gained benefits like men. There is the Equal Pay Act that requires that employers pay equal wages of both sexes for equal jobs and performances. When there is a violation, the accused person or business would have to prove that the unequal pay is justified to the equal pay requirement of the seniority system, merit system, the system of earnings by quantity or quality of production, or a differential based on any factor other than sex. There were cases that transitioned to equal pay, from Works vs. Brennan to Washington County vs Gunther. While there are legitimate laws that prohibit wage discrimination between the sexes, it is still unclear whether the laws address the matter of comparable worth, or pay equity. Essentially, it refers to a program of providing equal pay for jobs involving comparable overall effort sill, responsibility, and working conditions. Therefore, the history and the language of the Equal Pay Act did not provide support for the comparable worth interpretation. In the Washington County vs Gunther, the women in Washington County were hired as female prison guards, and they filed a lawsuit against the county administer since they were getting less pay than the male guards. They argued that they do exactly the same roles as men but still get paid less. The county argued that women’s wages were lower since they knew that women would work less than men. In other words, their wages lowered on the basis of sheer sex discrimination. Supreme Court found it to be constitutional
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    Deleted user
    Deleted userMar 8, 2018
    In “Corning Glass Works v Brennan (1974)” Corning Glass Works tries to pull a fast one, by justifying unequal pay of men versus women on the versus of “shift differentials”, by interpreting working conditions as being inclusive of the time of day. There were no justification of surrounding and hazards, so the Supreme Court upheld that this was unconstitutional. This reminds me of the Geico commercial when the fisherman has a dollar on the fishing rod and the person who wants to save money tries to get it. The man with the fishing rod is the Supreme Court, the dollar represents unequal pay, and the person on the receiving end of the unequal pay is Corning Glass Works, trying to get it so they can manipulate it into their policies.
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    Christopher Nevarez
    Christopher NevarezMar 3, 2018
    It is very interesting to see the Equal Pay Act of 1963, described as a way to protect men. Since the law mandated that there be equal pay for “equal work”, men would no longer lose their jobs to women simply because it was cheaper to employ a woman. This is a point that we have stressed many times in class, the unintended effects that many laws have on women. In this case, on the surface it seems obvious that this law is intended to “help” women but how many women lost their job simply because their boss had to pay them more? What about the women that were “okay” with making less simply because that extra income meant their survival? I am not advocating for unequal pay, but this is an interesting question to think about.
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    Kevin Lyles
    Kevin Lyles
    Great point!
    Mar 3, 2018•Delete
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    Kevin Lyles
    Deleted user
    Deleted userFeb 27, 2017
    In response to Tierra’s comment below:

    I think it is incredibly important to distinguish feminism from intersectional feminism. The level of discrimination women face grows exponentially depending on their race. And even within the “minority” category, different races receive different levels of discrimination here in the United States (i.e. the percentage of East Asian women represented in main-stream media or government positions is alarmingly low in comparison to, say, African American or Hispanic women). I understand why this course does not dive deep into intersectional feminism; it is an expansive topic and the experiences of various races have enough content to make its own separate course. With that being said, it is a vital component to understanding the female experience in America.
    Reply
    Kevin Lyles
    Kevin Lyles
    Great comment, consider for example the choice of films I elected to show last week in 356 and 358 respectively. Do you agree that I could just have easily have shown “12-years a Slave” in 356? Wasn’t Patsy a woman?
    Feb 27, 2017•Edit•Delete
    Deleted user
    Deleted user
    I believe another aspect of intersectionality in this context can be based on gender as well as sexual orientation. In response to Dr. Lyles comment I would say that indeed you could have shown “12 Years a Slave” in 356 but for the topic and context of 356 in my opinion, “Iron Jawed Angels” was a much better pick due to the fact that it focuses more on the struggles of women towards a shared goal of legislative change whereas “12 Years a Slave” has Patsy’s character in somewhat of a secondary plotline separate from the main plot of the movie. The larger argument that this speaks to is whether to focus on a broad context of the struggle of women which would therefore be doing an injustice to the struggles of those “smaller” separate struggles within that context such as those based on race, gender, ethnicity, etc. or to focus on the specifics and do an injustice to the broader context. My Mother was a teacher for many years and when creating her curriculum she would always find trouble in the topic of history revolving around determining which focus would be most beneficial to the growth of knowledge within the student.
    Mar 1, 2017•Delete
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    Kevin Lyles
    Deleted user
    Deleted userFeb 23, 2015
    On page 139, it states, ” but the antidiscrimination laws are strangely silent about the possibility that a worker can be subjected to both gender and racial discrimination, and they may exclude many minority women workers from their coverage.” This is something that I find interesting because I have many colleagues that consider themselves “Black Feminist” instead of just “Feminist” because the fight for gender rights have not been the same for African American women. A lot of the cases that were ruled and bills that were passed in favor of women were not intended for African American women. This is the exception that “defines” the African American legal experience.
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    Deleted user
    Deleted user
    I agree, I think that fighting for gender rights is harder when you are a minority, but not only does gender come in to play with race but as well as religion. I also agree that the bills were not passed to include African American women, as none of the bills passed that were intended for African Americans. I think African American women had a tougher fight.
    Feb 23, 2015•Delete
    Deleted user
    Deleted user
    There is a great book that analyzes the mainstream feminist movement and its lack of inclusiveness of women of color. The book is titled, “Arrested Justice: Black Women, Violence, and America’s Prison Nation” by Beth Richie and in Chapter 3 “How We Won the Mainstream, But Lost the Movement”, Richie speaks of the anti-violence against women movement and how the white dominant feminist identity took over the movement itself, and the culmination of the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) – does not take into consideration the many concerns/issues of women of color. – Great read if you have the time.

    Joe Anderson – Team 2
    Feb 29, 2016•Delete
    Comments above copied from original document
    Kevin Lyles
    Deleted user
    Deleted userFeb 22, 2015
    “Woman’s place is in the home”

    Woman have worked, but haven’t on the receiving end when it comes to employment. “women shared the farm chores and worked in farm-related family businesses; husbands and fathers had no obligation to pay their wives and daughters. If it wasn’t for any family economical survival, or for their own, women rarely worked for pay.

    “The equal pay act requires that employer pay equal wages to employees of both sexes ‘for equally work on jobs the performance of which requires equal skill, effort, and responsibility, and which are performed under similar working conditions'”

    – Aashiqui Lad
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